Water covers 70% of the Earth's surface. Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental need for all humans. The World Health Organization reports that 80% of diseases are transmitted through water, including bacterial, viral, and parasitic illnesses such as typhoid, cholera, meningitis, polio, hepatitis, skin infections, and gastrointestinal diseases, which are spread through contaminated water.

It is reported that 75% to 80% of water pollution is caused by domestic sewage. Waste from industries such as sugar production, textiles, electroplating, pesticides, pulp, and papermaking is polluting water bodies. Rivers contaminated by pollutants have foul odors and support fewer species of flora and fauna. 80% of the global population faces issues with water safety. A significant amount of untreated domestic sewage is discharged into rivers, containing toxic substances, solid waste, plastic debris, and bacterial contaminants that cause water pollution. The untreated discharge of various industrial effluents into rivers is a major cause of water pollution. Harmful substances discharged by industries pollute both surface water and groundwater. The pollutants vary depending on the nature of the industry. Toxic metals entering water bodies reduce the quality of water. 25% of pollution is caused by industrial activities, which pose a greater risk to human health.

Combating water pollution is an urgent matter.